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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p>
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<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache MPM perchild</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/perchild.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a></p>
</div>
<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Multi-Processing Module allowing for daemon processes serving
requests to be assigned a variety of different userids</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>MPM</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>mpm_perchild_module</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>perchild.c</td></tr></table>
<h3>Summary</h3>

    <div class="warning">
      This module is not functional.  Development of this module is not
      complete and is not currently active.  Do not use
      <code class="module"><a href="../mod/perchild.html">perchild</a></code> unless you are a programmer willing to
      help fix it.
    </div>

    <p>This Multi-Processing Module (MPM) implements a hybrid
    multi-process, multi-threaded web server. A fixed number of
    processes create threads to handle requests. Fluctuations in
    load are handled by increasing or decreasing the number of
    threads in each process.</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
<ul id="toc">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#acceptmutex">AcceptMutex</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#assignuserid">AssignUserID</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#bs2000account">BS2000Account</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#childperuserid">ChildPerUserID</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#coredumpdirectory">CoreDumpDirectory</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#enableexceptionhook">EnableExceptionHook</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#group">Group</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#listenbacklog">ListenBacklog</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#lockfile">LockFile</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#maxrequestsperchild">MaxRequestsPerChild</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#maxsparethreads">MaxSpareThreads</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#maxthreadsperchild">MaxThreadsPerChild</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#minsparethreads">MinSpareThreads</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#numservers">NumServers</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#pidfile">PidFile</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#scoreboardfile">ScoreBoardFile</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#sendbuffersize">SendBufferSize</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#serverlimit">ServerLimit</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#startthreads">StartThreads</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#threadlimit">ThreadLimit</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/right.gif" /> <a href="mpm_common.html#user">User</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Topics</h3>
<ul id="topics">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#how-it-works">How it works</a></li>
</ul><h3>See also</h3>
<ul class="seealso">
<li><a href="../bind.html">Setting which addresses and ports Apache
uses</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="how-it-works" id="how-it-works">How it works</a></h2>
    <p>A single control process launches the number of child processes
    indicated by the <code class="directive"><a href="#numservers">NumServers</a></code>
    directive at server startup. Each child process creates threads as
    specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#startthreads">StartThreads</a></code> directive.
    The individual threads then
    listen for connections and serve them when they arrive.</p>

    <p>Apache always tries to maintain a pool of <dfn>spare</dfn> or
    idle server threads, which stand ready to serve incoming
    requests. In this way, clients do not need to wait for new
    threads to be created. For each child process, Apache assesses
    the number of idle threads and creates or destroys threads to
    keep this number within the boundaries specified by
    <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#minsparethreads">MinSpareThreads</a></code>
    and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#maxsparethreads">MaxSpareThreads</a></code>.
    Since this process is very self-regulating, it is rarely
    necessary to modify these directives from their default values.
    The maximum number of clients that may be served simultaneously
    is determined by multiplying the number of server processes
    that will be created (<code class="directive"><a href="#numservers">NumServers</a></code>) by the maximum
    number of threads created in each process
    (<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#maxthreadsperchild">MaxThreadsPerChild</a></code>).</p>

    <p>While the parent process is usually started as root under
    Unix in order to bind to port 80, the child processes and
    threads are launched by Apache as a less-privileged user. The
    <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#user">User</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#group">Group</a></code> directives are used to
    set the privileges of the Apache child processes. The child
    processes must be able to read all the content that will be
    served, but should have as few privileges beyond that as
    possible. In addition, unless <a href="../suexec.html">suexec</a> is used, these directives also
    set the privileges which will be inherited by CGI scripts.</p>

    <p><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#maxrequestsperchild">MaxRequestsPerChild</a></code>
    controls how frequently the
    server recycles processes by killing old ones and launching new
    ones.</p>

    <h3><a name="user-ids" id="user-ids">Working with different user-IDs</a></h3>
      <p>The <code class="module"><a href="../mod/perchild.html">perchild</a></code> MPM adds the extra ability to
      specify that particular processes should serve requests under
      different user-IDs. These user-IDs can then be associated with
      specific virtual hosts. You have to use one <code class="directive"><a href="#childperuserid">ChildPerUserID</a></code> directive for
      every user/group combination you want to be run. Then you can tie
      particular virtual hosts to that user and group IDs.</p>

      <p>The following example runs 7 child processes. Two of them are run
      under <code>user1</code>/<code>group1</code>. The next four are run
      under <code>user2</code>/<code>group2</code> and the remaining
      process uses the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#user">User</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#group">Group</a></code>
      of the main server:</p>

      <div class="example"><h3>Global config</h3><p><code>
        NumServers 7<br />
        ChildPerUserID user1 group1 2<br />
        ChildPerUserID user2 group2 4
      </code></p></div>

      <p>Using unbalanced numbers of processes as above is useful, if the
      particular virtual hosts produce different load. The assignment to
      the virtual hosts is easily done as in the example below. In
      conclusion with the example above the following assumes, that
      <code>server2</code> has to serve about twice of the hits of
      <code>server1</code>.</p>

      <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
        NameVirtualHost *<br />
        <br />
        &lt;VirtualHost *&gt;<br />
        <span class="indent">
          ServerName fallbackhost<br />
          # no assignment; use fallback<br />
        </span>
        &lt;/VirtualHost&gt;<br />
        <br />
        &lt;VirtualHost *&gt;<br />
        <span class="indent">
          ServerName server1<br />
          AssignUserID user1 group1<br />
        </span>
        &lt;/VirtualHost&gt;<br />
        <br />
        &lt;VirtualHost *&gt;<br />
        <span class="indent">
          ServerName server2<br />
          AssignUserID user2 group2<br />
        </span>
        &lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
      </code></p></div>
    
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AssignUserID" id="AssignUserID">AssignUserID</a> <a name="assignuserid" id="assignuserid">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Tie a virtual host to a user and group ID</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AssignUserID <var>user-id</var> <var>group-id</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>MPM</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>perchild</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>Tie a virtual host to a specific user/group combination. Requests
    addressed to the virtual host where this directive appears will be
    served by a process running with the specified user and group ID.</p>

    <p>The user and group ID has to be assigned to a number of children
    in the global server config using the <code class="directive"><a href="#childperuserid">ChildPerUserID</a></code> directive. See the section above for a
    <a href="#user-ids">configuration example</a>.</p>

</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ChildPerUserID" id="ChildPerUserID">ChildPerUserID</a> <a name="childperuserid" id="childperuserid">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Specify user ID and group ID for a number of child
processes</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ChildPerUserID <var>user-id</var> <var>group-id</var>
<var>num-children</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>MPM</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>perchild</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>Specify a user ID and group ID for a number of child processes.
    The third argument, <var>num-children</var>, is the number of child
    processes to start with the specified user and group. It does
    <em>not</em> represent a specific child number. In order to use this
    directive, the server must be run initially as <code>root</code>.
    If you start the server as a non-root user, it will fail to change
    to the lesser privileged user.</p>

    <p>If the total number of child processes, found by totaling all of the
    third arguments to all <code class="directive">ChildPerUserID</code> directives
    in the config file, is less than <code class="directive"><a href="#numservers">NumServers</a></code>, then all remaining children will inherit the
    <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#user">User</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#group">Group</a></code> settings from the main server.
    See the section above for a <a href="#user-ids">configuration
    example</a>.</p>

    <div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3>
      <p>Don't set <var>user-id</var> (or <var>group-id</var>) to
      <code>root</code> unless you know exactly what you are doing, and
      what the dangers are.</p>
    </div>

</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="MaxThreadsPerChild" id="MaxThreadsPerChild">MaxThreadsPerChild</a> <a name="maxthreadsperchild" id="maxthreadsperchild">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maximum number of threads per child process</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>MaxThreadsPerChild <var>number</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>MaxThreadsPerChild 64</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>MPM</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>perchild</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>This directive sets the maximum number of threads that will be
    created in each child process. To increase this value beyond its
    default, it is necessary to change the value of the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#threadlimit">ThreadLimit</a></code> directive and stop and
    re-start the server.</p>

</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="NumServers" id="NumServers">NumServers</a> <a name="numservers" id="numservers">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Total number of children alive at the same time</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>NumServers <var>number</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>NumServers 2</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>MPM</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>perchild</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>The <code class="directive">NumServers</code> directive determines the number
    of children alive at the same time. This number should be large enough to
    handle the requests for the entire site. To increase this value beyond the
    value of <code>8</code>, it is necessary to change the value of the
    <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#serverlimit">ServerLimit</a></code> directive and stop
    and re-start the server. See the section above for a <a href="#user-ids">configuration example</a>.</p>

</div>
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/perchild.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a></p>
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<p class="apache">Copyright 1999-2004 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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